What are the early signs of pregnancy?

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The classic early signs, per womenshealth.gov: a missed period is the headline for anyone with regular cycles, but the supporting cast often shows up first or alongside it. Nausea with or without vomiting ("morning" sickness is a misnomer; it strikes any hour) typically starts 4 to 6 weeks in. Breasts get sore, swollen, or tingly, sometimes with darkening areolas. Tiredness out of proportion to your day is common from week 1, driven by rising progesterone. Needing to pee more often starts surprisingly early. Some people get implantation spotting, light pink or brown spotting for a day or two around when the period was due, lighter and shorter than a real period. And the sensory oddities: food aversions, smells suddenly unbearable, a metallic taste. Less famous but real: mild cramping, bloating, moodiness, and constipation, which is why early pregnancy impersonates PMS so well. Every body and every pregnancy differs: some people feel everything by week 4, others nothing until week 8, and absence of symptoms is normal and reassuring. The confirmation path: a home pregnancy test from day 1 of the missed period (first-morning urine is most concentrated), and if negative but the period stays away, retest in a week. On a positive: start folic acid (400 mcg daily) immediately, since neural tube development happens before many know they are pregnant, avoid alcohol, and book a first prenatal visit. The emergency exception: severe one-sided abdominal pain, shoulder-tip pain, dizziness, or heavy bleeding with a positive test means possible ectopic pregnancy, and that is an ER visit, not a phone call.

What are the early signs of pregnancy?

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