what is monkeypox
Last updated September 6, 2026.
Monkeypox, now called mpox, is a viral infection that usually causes a rash with fluid filled blisters, often along with fever and swollen lymph nodes. The virus spreads mostly through close, prolonged skin to skin contact, including sex, and through contact with a person's rash, scabs, bedding, towels, or clothing. Symptoms usually start within 3 to 17 days of exposure, and the rash goes through stages: flat spots, raised bumps, blisters, then scabs that fall off after about 2 to 4 weeks. Sores can show up anywhere, including the genitals, anus, mouth, hands, and face, and a single sore is enough to be mpox. You are considered contagious until every scab has fallen off and fresh skin has formed underneath. A two dose vaccine is available for people at higher risk, and testing a swab from a sore is the only way to confirm the diagnosis.
What to do
- Get any new rash checked: A swab of a sore is the only way to tell mpox apart from herpes, syphilis, or shingles, so see a clinician or sexual health clinic promptly.
- Cover and isolate: Keep sores covered with clothing or bandages and avoid close contact and sex until every scab has fallen off and new skin has formed.
- Ask about vaccination: The two dose JYNNEOS vaccine is recommended for people at higher risk, and it can still help if given within 4 days of a known exposure.
- Handle laundry carefully: Wash bedding, towels, and clothing in a washing machine with detergent and avoid shaking them out, which can spread virus particles.
- Treat the discomfort: Warm sitz baths, over the counter pain relievers, and keeping sores clean and dry help while the rash heals on its own.
- Call sooner if you are higher risk: Tell a clinician right away if you have HIV or another condition that weakens immunity, are pregnant, have eye or throat sores, or cannot eat or drink.
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